She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the only woman to win in two fields, and the only person to win in multiple sciences. She was also the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris, and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the Panthéon in Paris.
born in warsaw-part of the russian empire
On both the paternal and maternal sides, the family had lost their property and fortunes through patriotic involvements in Polish national uprisings aimed at restoring Poland's independence
dad taught mathematics and physics- Russian authorities eliminated laboratory instruction from the Polish schools, he brought much of the laboratory equipment home, and instructed his children in its use.[8]
The father was eventually fired by his Russian supervisors for pro-Polish sentiments, and forced to take lower-paying posts; the family also lost money on a bad investment, and eventually chose to supplement their income by lodging boys in the house.[8] Maria's mother Bronisława operated a prestigious Warsaw boarding school for girls; she resigned from the position after Maria was born.[8] She died of tuberculosis in May 1878, when Maria was ten years old.[8] Less than three years earlier, Maria's oldest sibling, Zofia, had died of typhus contracted from a boarder.[8] Maria's father was an atheist; her mother—a devout Catholic.[12] The deaths of Maria's mother and sister caused her to give up Catholicism and become agnostic.[13]
Unable to enroll in a regular institution of higher education because she was a woman, she and her sister Bronisława became involved with the clandestine Flying University, a Polish patriotic institution of higher learning that admitted women students.[7][8]
A governess is a girl or woman employed to teach and train children in a private household.
While working for the latter family, she fell in love with their son, Kazimierz Żorawski, a future eminent mathematician.His parents rejected the idea of his marrying the penniless relative, and Kazimierz was unable to oppose them.[14] Maria's loss of the relationship with Żorawski was tragic for both.
Still, as an old man and a mathematics professor at the Warsaw Polytechnic, he would sit contemplatively before the statue of Maria Skłodowska which had been erected in 1935 before the Radium Institutethat she had founded in 1932.[9][15]
educate herself, reading books, exchanging letters, and being tutored herself.
She was still laboring under the illusion that she would be able to work in her chosen field in Poland, but she was denied a place at Kraków University because she was a woman.[
On 26 July 1895 they married in a civil union in Sceaux (Seine);[21] neither wanted a religious service.[7][19] Marie's dark blue outfit, worn instead of a bridal grown, would serve her for many years as a laboratory outfit.
Her achievements included a theory of radioactivity (a term that she coined[2]), techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two elements, polonium and radium.
Under her direction, the world's first studies were conducted into the treatment of neoplasms, using radioactive isotopes.
neoplasms-an abnormal mass of tissue as a result of abnormal growth or division of cells. cancer is a form of malignant neoplasms.
Curie died in 1934 at the sanatorium of Sancellemoz (Haute-Savoie), France, due to aplastic anemia brought on by exposure to radiation – mainly, it seems, during her World War I service in mobile X-ray units created by her.[6]
though a french citezen, she never lost her polish routes.
world war 1
| she realised X-rays could save soldiers' lives, she realized, by helping doctors see bullets, shrapnel, and broken bones. She convinced the government to empower her to set up France's first military radiology centers. Newly named Director of the Red Cross Radiology Service, she wheedled money and cars out of wealthy acquaintances. She convinced automobile body shops to transform the cars into vans, and begged manufacturers to do their part for their country by donating equipment. By late October 1914, the first of 20 radiology vehicles she would equip was ready. French enlisted men would soon dub these mobile radiology installations, which transported X-ray apparatus to the wounded at the battle front, petites Curies (little Curies). president of France said, “As the country bows before her ashes...I form the wish, in the name of France, that everywhere in the world the equality of the rights of women and men might progress.” https://www.aip.org/history/curie/radinst3.htm |
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